d. Although practicing elaboration takes time and effort, it pays great dividends in increased learning and retention.
b. Numerous studies demonstrate that "cramming" just before an exam is ineffective. Cramming relies on rote memorization, and anything memorized this way is very quickly forgotten. If you studied this way for CS 1400, you might find it difficult to remember some essential details. Now is a good time to change the way that you study. Research also demonstrates that studying a little each day and continuously reviewing the concepts when needed is far more effective.
d. 16. The 16 hours include 4 hours for class time and 12 hours for study outside class. If you are taking the class online, the time is still 16 hours - you are expected to watch the videos in place of attending class.